In this article, we will cover about the elements lying in the s, p, d and f blocks respectively and their properties and occurrence in nature.
The elements in Groups 1 and 2 of the modern periodic table are referred to as S-block elements because they are grouped together. In the s-subshell of a s block element, there are two types of s block elements that can exist: elements with a single electron (s1) and elements with two electrons.
Elements in which the final electron enters one of the three p-orbitals of their respective shells are referred to as P block elements. Because a p-subshell has three degenerate p-orbitals, each of which can accommodate two electrons, there are a total of six groups of p-block elements in a p-subshell. As a result of their tendency to lose an electron, P block elements are usually bright and serve as excellent conductors of electricity and heat. Gallium, for example, is a P-block element that possesses some remarkable properties of elements.
D block elements are composed of elements with electrons (1 to 10) present in the d-orbital of the penultimate energy level and in the outermost orbital (1-2) of the penultimate energy level. Despite the fact that electrons do not fill the ‘d’ orbital in the group 12 metals, their chemistry is very similar to that of the preceding groups, and as a result, they are referred to as “d block elements.”
F block elements are elements whose f orbital is filled up by electrons and are therefore referred to as f block elements. This group of elements has electrons in the f orbital (1-14), in the d orbital of the penultimate energy level (0-1), and in the outermost’s orbital (outermost s orbital). The f block contains two series that correspond to the filling up of the 4f and 5f orbitals, respectively. The elements are the 4f series of Ce to Lu and the 5f series of Th to Lw elements. Each series contains 14 elements that fill up the ‘f’ orbital of the atom.
The elements in Groups 1 and 2 of the modern periodic table are referred to as S-block elements because they are grouped together. In the s-subshell of a s block element, there are two types of s block elements that can exist: elements with a single electron (s1) and elements with two electrons.
There are 14 elements in the S-block, including hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), helium (He), sodium (Na), beryllium (Be), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), rubidium (Rb), calcium (Ca), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), francium (Fr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).
Elements in which the final electron enters one of the three p-orbitals of their respective shells are referred to as P block elements. Because a p-subshell has three degenerate p-orbitals, each of which can accommodate two electrons, there are a total of six groups of p-block elements in a p-subshell.
As a result of their tendency to lose an electron, P block elements are usually bright and serve as excellent conductors of electricity and heat. Gallium, for example, is a P-block element that possesses some remarkable properties of elements. In the palm of your hand, it’s a metal that can completely melt. Silicon is also one of the most important metalloids of the p-block group because it is a key component of the glass D Block Elements, which are a component of the periodic table.
D block elements are composed of elements with electrons (1 to 10) present in the d-orbital of the penultimate energy level and in the outermost orbital (1-2) of the penultimate energy level. However, even though electrons do not fill the d-orbital in group 12 metals, their chemical composition is very similar to that of the preceding groups, and as a result, they are classified as d block elements.
F block elements are elements whose f orbital is filled up by electrons and are therefore referred to as f block elements. This group of elements has electrons in the f orbital (1-14), in the d orbital of the penultimate energy level (0-1), and in the outermost’s orbital (outermost s orbital). The f block contains two series that correspond to the filling up of the 4f and 5f orbitals, respectively. The elements are the 4f series of Ce to Lu and the 5f series of Th to Lw elements. Each series contains 14 elements that fill up the ‘f’ orbital of the atom.
Therefore, we can finally conclude that all the elements exist in their respective blocks, namely s block, p block, d block and f block elements. The S block contains the elements of Group 1 and 2 of the periodic table. D block elements are those elements that can be found in the modern periodic table from the third group to the twelfth group. The valence electrons of these elements are found in the d orbital of the periodic table. Besides being known as D block elements, they are also known as transition elements or transition metals